Only ten countries in southern and eastern Africa, including South Africa (25%), Nigeria (13%), Mozambique (6%), Uganda (6%), Tanzania (6%), Zambia (4%), Zimbabwe (6%), Kenya (6%), Malawi (4%) and Ethiopia (3%), account for approximately 80% of HIV patients In most countries, the prevalence of HIV is the highest in specific groups including men who have sex with men, intravenous drug users, people in prisons and other confined settings, sex workers and transgender individuals. In fact, African men and women worldwide are more affected by this disease than any other race.
Of the 37 million cases of HIV, the sub-Saharan Africa is home to ~70%, although it has only 21% of the world’s population. While HIV is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, the sub-Sahara region of Africa is burdened with the largest number of HIV cases.
The number of HIV patients now receiving antiretroviral therapy has increased from ~685,000 in 2000 to 20.9 million in 2017. The decline in HIV infections is thought to be due to increased use of condoms, a reduction in the prevalence of sexually transmitted infection, and the increased use of effective therapies, such as the three-drug therapy anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Importantly, these annual numbers are much reduced, as the numbers of newly infected patients has declined by 35% since 2000, and the mortality rate has also declined by almost 50%. Data from 2016 indicates that there were approximately two million new cases of HIV infections, and as many as one million deaths due to the disease. It is currently estimated that ~26 million of these patients reside in Africa 3.3 million in the Americas 3.5 million in Southeast Asia 2.4 million in Europe 360,000 in the eastern Mediterranean and 1.5 million in the western Pacific.
The World Health Organisation estimates that over 75 million people globally have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), of which approximately 37 million are still alive and living with the infection.
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